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Focused Ultrasound for the Generation of Cancer Immunotherapy
(2016-11-23)
Cancer immunotherapies, which seek to arm the patient’s own immune system for personalized therapy, are a promising option for effective elimination of tumors. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is one propitious method for generating anti-tumor immunotherapy, advantageous in its capacity to deliver non-ionizing, non-invasive, tumor-localized treatment; this involves the transdermal deposition of sonic energy at a focal point in the tumor, which induces acute inflammation capable of activating an anti-tumor immune response. Here, we characterize, in vivo, the early (48 hours) adaptive anti-tumor immune responses induced by FUS treatment of tumors. Compared to untreated tumors, tumors treated with mechanical FUS (mFUS) demonstrated increased NF-κB activation in local and distant tumors. Additionally, a “responder” subset of mFUS-treated mice was identified and mFUS-treated tumors exhibited an increased percent of CD4+ T cells and an increased CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, as compared to untreated tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD4+ T cells revealed a higher presence of immunostimulatory phenotypes in mFUS-treated tumors compared to untreated tumors. Taken together, these results suggested a FUS-induced shift towards anti-tumor immune activity....
Germline and Somatic Variation in Genes Involved in Metabolism of Chemotherapy Drugs and Breast Cancer Outcomes
(2016-03-16)
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is characterized by minimal or lack of expression of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, and the absence of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 ...
The epithelial IL4 receptor signaling axis mediates enhanced breast and colon tumor growth and metastasis
(2016-03-17)
Epithelial cancers of the lung, colon, breast, and pancreas comprise the top four most deadly cancers. Progress has been made in treating primary epithelial tumors, however metastatic tumors remain largely incurable and ...
The Ephrin-A1/EPHA2 Signaling Axis Regulates Glutaminolysis in HER2-positive Breast Cancer
(2016-03-30)
Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contributes to cellular transformation and cancer progression by disrupting key metabolic signaling pathways. The EPHA2 RTK is overexpressed in aggressive forms of breast ...