Individual Differences in Cognitive Styles and the Illusory Truth Effect

Abstract

Repeating information can increase perceived truth, known as the illusory truth effect. Few studies have tested whether this effect relates to cognitive styles, tendencies in how people approach cognitive processes. Two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between individual differences in cognitive styles and the illusory truth effect. Measures of cognitive styles included Preference for Intuitive Thinking, Preference for Effortful Thinking, Open-minded Thinking, Close-minded Thinking, Need for Cognition, Cognitive Reflection, and Self-Control. For both studies, participants rated trivia statements for interest and familiarity. They completed cognitive styles measures and then rated the truth of both new and repeated statements. Study 1 found no significant correlations. Study 2 (without an experimental warning) found no significant correlations with most styles, small positive correlations with Open-minded Thinking and Preference for Effortful Thinking, and small negative correlations with Cognitive Reflection and Need for Cognition. The mixed findings suggest caution in interpretation and that different types of cognitive styles could relate to the illusory truth effect in different ways.