dc.contributor.author | Meier, Cole J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Rouhier, Matthew F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hillyer, Julian F. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-23T18:28:16Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-23T18:28:16Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-11-28 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Meier, C.J.; Rouhier, M.F.; Hillyer, J.F. Chemical Control of Mosquitoes and the Pesticide Treadmill: A Case for Photosensitive Insecticides as Larvicides. Insects 2022, 13, 1093. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/insects13121093 | en_US |
dc.identifier.other | eISSN 2075-4450 | |
dc.identifier.other | PubMed ID36555003 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1803/17935 | |
dc.description | Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:
//www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/insects13121093/s1, Figure S1: Global use of insecticides for
vector control between 2010 and 2019, divided by the type of intervention. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Simple Summary Mosquitoes transmit disease, and over the past century, mosquito control has mostly relied on chemical insecticides that target the adult life stage. We review methods of mosquito control and argue that photoactive molecules that target larvae-called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs-are an environmentally friendly addition to our mosquitocidal arsenal. Insecticides reduce the spread of mosquito-borne disease. Over the past century, mosquito control has mostly relied on neurotoxic chemicals-such as pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbamates and organophosphates-that target adults. However, their persistent use has selected for insecticide resistance. This has led to the application of progressively higher amounts of insecticides-known as the pesticide treadmill-and negative consequences for ecosystems. Comparatively less attention has been paid to larvae, even though larval death eliminates a mosquito's potential to transmit disease and reproduce. Larvae have been targeted by source reduction, biological control, growth regulators and neurotoxins, but hurdles remain. Here, we review methods of mosquito control and argue that photoactive molecules that target larvae-called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs-are an environmentally friendly addition to our mosquitocidal arsenal. PSIs are ingested by larvae and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by light. ROS then damage macromolecules resulting in larval death. PSIs are degraded by light, eliminating environmental accumulation. Moreover, PSIs only harm small translucent organisms, and their broad mechanism of action that relies on oxidative damage means that resistance is less likely to evolve. Therefore, PSIs are a promising alternative for controlling mosquitoes in an environmentally sustainable manner. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | The research for this review article was funded by Vanderbilt University Institutional Funds | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | Insects | en_US |
dc.rights | © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/) | |
dc.source.uri | https://mdpi-res.com/insects/insects-13-01093/article_deploy/insects-13-01093.pdf?version=1669633470 | |
dc.subject | Diptera | en_US |
dc.subject | Culicidae | en_US |
dc.subject | insect control | en_US |
dc.subject | insecticide resistance | en_US |
dc.subject | photoactive | en_US |
dc.subject | photodynamic | en_US |
dc.subject | pest management | en_US |
dc.subject | reactive oxygen species | en_US |
dc.title | Chemical Control of Mosquitoes and the Pesticide Treadmill: A Case for Photosensitive Insecticides as Larvicides | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/insects13121093 | |