dc.contributor.author | Heo, Jongho | |
dc.contributor.author | Krishna, Aditi | |
dc.contributor.author | Perkins, Jessica M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Lee, Hwa-young | |
dc.contributor.author | Lee, Jong-koo | |
dc.contributor.author | Subramanian, S. V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Oh, Juhwan | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-10-07T19:34:21Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-10-07T19:34:21Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-01 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Heo, J., Krishna, A., Perkins, J. M., Lee, H. Y., Lee, J. K., Subramanian, S. V., & Oh, J. (2019). Community Determinants of Physical Growth and Cognitive Development among Indian Children in Early Childhood: A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(1), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010182 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1661-7827 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1803/16197 | |
dc.description.abstract | Inadequate child physical growth and cognitive development share common individual-level risk factors. Less understood is how outcomes co-cluster at the community level and to what extent certain community-level characteristics influence the clustering. This study aims to quantify the extent to which child growth and development co-occur across communities, and to identify community-level characteristics associated with the clustering of the two development dimensions. We used longitudinal data from 1824 children (aged 5 years) across 98 communities in Andhra Pradesh, India in round 2 (2006) of the Young Lives study, who were followed up 3 years later in round 3 (2009). A multivariate, multilevel statistical model was estimated wherein the responses were nested within individuals, and communities. We used z-scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and a mathematics test in 2009 as outcome variables. At the community level, we included compositional variables representing community characteristics while controlling for child socio-demographic characteristics at the individual level. At the community level, children's physical growth and cognitive development were strongly correlated (coefficient: 0.55-0.76) and, even after controlling for individual-level covariables, a more pronounced correlation was shown at the community level than individual level correlation. Greater local healthcare resources were associated with better physical growth. More local programs run by government and NGOs/charities were associated with higher child language skills. Local social problems were inversely associated with math scores. Our study showed that physical growth and cognitive development tended to be clustered and co-occurred within communities as well as individual children. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | This research was financially supported by the JW LEE Center for Global Medicine of Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. The APC was funded by the JW LEE Center for Global Medicine. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | en_US |
dc.rights | Copyright © 2019 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | |
dc.source.uri | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981961/ | |
dc.subject | community characteristics | en_US |
dc.subject | local programs | en_US |
dc.subject | health resources | en_US |
dc.subject | Young Lives | en_US |
dc.subject | India | en_US |
dc.title | Community Determinants of Physical Growth and Cognitive Development among Indian Children in Early Childhood: A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/ijerph17010182 | |