dc.contributor.author | Geva, Polina | |
dc.contributor.author | Caruso, Giovanni | |
dc.contributor.author | Klaus, Colin | |
dc.contributor.author | Hamm, Heidi E | |
dc.contributor.author | Gurevich, Vsevolod V. | |
dc.contributor.author | DiBenedetto, Emmanuele | |
dc.contributor.author | Makino, Clint L. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-24T20:02:12Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-24T20:02:12Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-12-14 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Geva P, Caruso G, Klaus C, Hamm HE, Gurevich VV, DiBenedetto E and Makino CL (2022) Effects of cell size and bicarbonate on single photon response variability in retinal rods. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 15:1050545. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1050545 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1662-5099 | |
dc.identifier.other | PubMed ID36590910 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1803/17942 | |
dc.description.abstract | Accurate photon counting requires that rods generate highly amplified, reproducible single photon responses (SPRs). The SPR is generated within the rod outer segment (ROS), a multilayered structure built from membranous disks that house rhodopsin. Photoisomerization of rhodopsin at the disk rim causes a local depletion of cGMP that closes ion channels in the plasmalemma located nearby with relative rapidity. In contrast, a photoisomerization at the disk center, distant from the plasmalemma, has a delayed impact on the ion channels due to the time required for cGMP redistribution. Radial differences should be greatest in large diameter rods. By affecting membrane guanylate cyclase activity, bicarbonate could impact spatial inhomogeneity in cGMP content. It was previously known that in the absence of bicarbonate, SPRs are larger and faster at the base of a toad ROS (where the ROS attaches to the rest of the cell) than at the distal tip. Given that bicarbonate enters the ROS at the base and diffuses to the tip and that it expedites flash response recovery, there should be an axial concentration gradient for bicarbonate that would accentuate the base-to-tip SPR differences. Seeking to understand how ROS geometry and bicarbonate affect SPR variability, we used mathematical modeling and made electrophysiological recordings of single rods. Modeling predicted and our experiments confirmed minor radial SPR variability in large diameter, salamander rods that was essentially unchanged by bicarbonate. SPRs elicited at the base and tip of salamander rods were similar in the absence of bicarbonate, but when treated with 30 mM bicarbonate, SPRs at the base became slightly faster than those at the tip, verifying the existence of an axial gradient for bicarbonate. The differences were small and unlikely to undermine visual signaling. However, in toad rods with longer ROSs, bicarbonate somehow suppressed the substantial, axial SPR variability that is naturally present in the absence of bicarbonate. Modeling suggested that the axial gradient of bicarbonate might dampen the primary phototransduction cascade at the base of the ROS. This novel effect of bicarbonate solves a mystery as to how toad vision is able to function effectively in extremely dim light. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work was supported by the National Science Foundation,
DMS 1812601 and the National Eye Institute, EY011500,
EY023980, and EY031702. The authors are solely responsible for
the contents of this publication, which do not necessarily represent
the official views of the National Institutes of Health or those of
the National Science Foundation | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | Frontiers In Molecular Neuroscience | en_US |
dc.rights | 2022 Geva, Caruso, Klaus, Hamm,
Gurevich, DiBenedetto and Makino. This is
an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY). The use,
distribution or reproduction in other
forums is permitted, provided the original
author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are
credited and that the original publication in
this journal is cited, in accordance with
accepted academic practice. No use,
distribution or reproduction is permitted
which does not comply with these terms | |
dc.source.uri | https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000903767400001 | |
dc.subject | visual transduction | en_US |
dc.subject | cyclic GMP | en_US |
dc.subject | rod outer segment | en_US |
dc.subject | retina | en_US |
dc.subject | single cell recording | en_US |
dc.subject | mathematical modeling | en_US |
dc.subject | salamander | en_US |
dc.subject | toad | en_US |
dc.title | Effects of cell size and bicarbonate on single photon response variability in retinal rods | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1050545 | |