Manipulating the Brain During Problem-Solving: Direct-Current Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Prior to a Classic Problem-Solving Task

Abstract

Finding ways to enhance cognitive function in learning and problem-solving has been a focal point of psychological research due to its significance in human life and advancement. I utilized targeted Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to explore its effects on complex problem-solving abilities. Twenty volunteer students from Vanderbilt University completed the Tower of London (ToL) task under both anodal and sham conditions. Task performance was assessed for time to task completion and move count, comparing outcomes between conditions. Based on the critical role of the prefrontal cortex in working memory manipulations, I hypothesize that anodal tDCS would enhance accuracy and reduce completion time relative to the sham condition. However, my results did not support this hypothesis, with no significant differences observed between conditions. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on tDCS efficacy and highlight that cognitive enhancement through prefrontal stimulation may depend on factors such as individual neurophysiology, task complexity, and stimulation parameters. Future research should explore alternative brain targets and diverse problem-solving tasks to better understand the potential of tDCS as a cognitive enhancement tool. Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, problem solving